![]() AP environmental science.Ī political boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area.Īn example is the 49th parallel boundary, dividing the United States and Canada between the Pacific Ocean and Lake of the Woods in northernmost Minnesota.Ĭertain boundaries were delimited before the present-day human landscape was developed. Rivers are also a concern over boundaries such as upstream and downstream. ![]() An example is oil out at sea and aquifers that extend across boundaries.Įxamples are Netherlands and Germany over Natural Gas, and Iraq and Kuwait over oil. Usually involve some type of natural resource, often in the open ocean and deep underground. Like Operational boundary disputes, it doesn't question the boundary itself, but the use of the boundary. Usually deals with the movement of function and activities across borders. Both sides agree where the border is but they cannot agree on how to handle border-crossing. They both disagree over illegal immigration into the US. usually when two countries next to each other disagree on a major issue involving the border.Īn example is Mexico and the U.S. Involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function. In these cases, the border has shifted, and the original intention of the boundary is called into question.Īreas once in the state of Mississippi have found themselves in the state of Louisiana when the river shifted its course.Īnother example is Yemen and Saudi Arabia, whose oil-rich boundary area is not covered by a treaty. ![]() Occurs when the definition of the border was questioned but the interpretation of the border is. (Sometimes the language of the boundary treaties is vague enough to allow mapmakers to delimit the line in various ways). (Center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary) These disputes focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement.Ĭonflict over the legal language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. There are two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units The former Yugoslavia has become five independent countries and the province of Kosovo is currently fighting to break away of what is left of Yugoslavia. The former USSR balkanized into sixteen independent countries with Russia being the largest. Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. The only large land mass not part of a sovereign state
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